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[프리츠커 수상자]Aldo Rossi/ 알도 로시 1990 Laureate

by 라이프원투 2020. 3. 16.
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알도 로시

 

알도 로시(1931~1997)는 국제적으로뿐만 아니라 그의 모국 이탈리아에서 이론가, 작가, 예술가, 교사, 건축가로서 명성을 얻었다. 저명한 비평가이자 역사가인 빈센트 스컬리는 그를 화가 건축가로서 르 코르뷔지에와 비교했다. 건축 비평가인 아다 루이스 홉스타블과 프리츠커 배심원은 로시를 " 우연히 건축가가 된 시인"이라고 묘사했다.

로시는 이탈리아 밀라노에서 태어났으며, 그의 아버지가 자전거 제조에 종사하고 있었는데, 그 곳에서 그는 그의 할아버지가 설립한 사업이라고 말한다. 제2차 세계 대전 동안 성장하면서 로시의 초기 교육은 코모 호에서, 그리고 후에 레코에서 이루어졌다. 전쟁이 끝난 직후 그는 1959년 건축학 학위를 받으며 밀라노 폴리테크닉 대학에 입학했다. 로시는 1955년부터 1964년까지 건축잡지 카사벨라의 편집장을 지냈다.

초기 영화 포부는 점차 건축으로 옮겨갔지만 그는 여전히 드라마에 대한 강한 관심을 유지하고 있다. 사실, 그는 "모든 건축에서, 나는 항상 극장에 매료되었다."라고 말한다. 1979년 베니스 비엔날레를 위해 그는 비엔날레의 극장 및 건축 위원회로부터 공동 위탁을 받아 지어진 떠다니는 극장인 티아트로 델 몬도를 설계했다. 그것은 250개의 중앙 무대를 둘러앉았다. 그것은 바다에 의해 Biennale을 통해 남아있던 푼타 델라 도가나로 견인되었다. 로시는 그 현장에서 이 프로젝트를 "건축이 끝나고 상상의 세계가 시작된 곳"이라고 묘사했다. 보다 최근에는 국립 오페라 하우스인 카를로 펠리스 극장인 제노바의 주요 건물을 완공했다. 캐나다에서는 1987년 토론토 등대극장이 온타리오 호숫가에 세워지면서 서반구 최초의 로시 프로젝트가 완성되었다.

그의 저서 "과학적 자서전"에서 그는 1971년에 일어난 자동차 사고를 그의 인생의 전환점이 되어 젊음을 마감하고 모데나에 있는 묘지를 위한 프로젝트를 고무시키는 것으로 묘사한다. 그가 병원에서 요양하고 있을 때 그는 도시를 살아 있는 사람들의 훌륭한 진지로 생각하기 시작했고, 공동묘지를 죽은 사람들의 도시로 생각하기 시작했다. 1971년 산카탈도 묘지 디자인 공모전에서 로시가 1등상을 받아 단계적으로 건설되고 있다.

거의 동시에 밀라노 교외에 로시의 첫 번째 주택 단지가 건설되고 있었다. 갈라라테스(Gallaratese,1969~1973)라고 불리는 이 구조물은 사실 좁은 틈새로 분리된 두 건물이다. 이 프로젝트에서 로시는 "무엇보다도 그것이 반복될 수 있는 단순성 때문에 의미심장하다고 믿는다"고 말했다. 그는 이후 개인 주택에서 아파트와 호텔에 이르기까지 주택에 대한 여러 가지 해결책을 마련했다.

펜실베니아 포코노에 있는 포코노 파인즈 가옥은 그가 미국에서 처음으로 완공한 건물 중 하나이다. 텍사스주 갤버스턴에서는 이 도시를 위한 기념비적인 아치가 완성되었다. 플로리다의 코랄 게이블에 있는 마이애미 대학은 로시에게 새로운 건축학교를 설계하도록 의뢰했다.

다른 주택사업으로는 서독의 베를린-티에르가르텐 지구에 있는 아파트와 서독의 프리드리히슈타트(1981-88년)라고 불리는 다른 아파트가 있다. 이탈리아에는 수많은 주거 설계가 있었다. 일본 후쿠오카에 있는 그의 일 팔라조 호텔과 레스토랑 콤플렉스는 1989년에 완공된 그의 거처 해결책의 또 다른 연장선이다.

호세 라파엘 모네오 건축학부장은 로시 교수가 하버드대에서 월터 그로피우스 강의 전달을 소개받았을 때 "미래 역사가들이 우리 도시를 위협하는 파괴적 성향이 왜 변했는지에 대한 설명을 찾으면 로시의 이름은 보다 현명하고 더 재치 있게 도와준 사람 중 하나로 나타날 것이다.망측한 태도."

 

https://www.pritzkerprize.com/laureates/1990

 

Aldo Rossi | The Pritzker Architecture Prize

Aldo Rossi (1931-1997) has achieved distinction as a theorist, author, artist, teacher and architect, in his native Italy as well as internationally. Noted critic and historian, Vincent Scully, has compared him to Le Corbusier as a painter-architect. Ada L

www.pritzkerprize.com

 

Aldo Rossi (1931-1997) has achieved distinction as a theorist, author, artist, teacher and architect, in his native Italy as well as internationally. Noted critic and historian, Vincent Scully, has compared him to Le Corbusier as a painter-architect. Ada Louise Huxtable, architectural critic and Pritzker juror has described Rossi as "a poet who happens to be an architect."

Rossi was born in Milan, Italy where his father was engaged in the manufacture of bicycles, bearing the family name, a business he says was founded by his grandfather. While growing up during the years of World War II, Rossi’s early education took place at Lake Como, and later in Lecco. Shortly after the war ended, he entered the Milan Polytechnic University, receiving his architecture degree in 1959. Rossi served as editor of the Architectural magazine Casabella from 1955 to 1964.

Although early film aspirations were gradually transposed to architecture, he still retains strong interest in drama. In fact, he says, "In all of my architecture, I have always been fascinated by the theatre." For the Venice Biennale in 1979, he designed the Teatro del Mondo, a floating theatre, built under a joint commission from the theatre and architecture commissions of the Biennale. It seated 250 around a central stage. It was towed by sea to the Punta della Dogana where it remained through the Biennale. Rossi described the project in its site, as "a place where architecture ended and the world of the imagination began." More recently, he completed a major building for Genoa, the Carlo Felice Theatre which is the National Opera House. In Canada, the first Rossi project in the Western Hemisphere was completed in 1987 when the Toronto Lighthouse Theatre was built on the banks of Lake Ontario.

In his book, A Scientific Autobiography, he describes an auto accident that occurred in 1971 as being a turning point in his life, ending his youth, and inspiring a project for the cemetery at Modena. It was while he was recuperating in a hospital that he began thinking of cities as great encampments of the living, and cemeteries as cities of the dead. Rossi's design for the cemetery at San Cataldo won first prize in a competition in 1971, and is being built in stages.

At almost the same time period, Rossi's first housing complex was being built on the outskirts of Milan. Called Gallaratese (1969-1973), the structure is actually two buildings separated by a narrow gap. Of this project, Rossi has said, "I believe it to be significant, above all, because of the simplicity of its construction, which allows it to be repeated." He has since built a number of solutions to housing, from individual homes to apartment buildings and hotels.

The Pocono Pines Houses in Pocono, Pennsylvania represent one of his first completed buildings in the United States. In Galveston, Texas, a monumental arch for the city has been completed. In Coral Gables, Florida, the University of Miami has commissioned Rossi to design the new School of Architecture.

Other housing projects include an apartment building in the Berlin-Tiergarten district of West Germany, and another called Sudliche Friedrichstadt (1981-88). There have been numerous residence designs in Italy. His Il Palazzo Hotel and Restaurant Complex in Fukuoka, Japan is still another extension of his solutions for living quarters, completed in 1989.

When Rossi was introduced at Harvard to deliver the Walter Gropius Lecture, the chairman of the architecture department, Jose Rafael Moneo said, "When future historians look for an explanation as to why the destructive tendencies that threatened our cities changed, Rossi's name will appear as one of those who helped to establish a wiser and more respectful attitude."

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